Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, suppresses steatohepatitis and tumorigenesis by activating autophagy in mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet

doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18116

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Feeding schedule of the mice. After weaning, male C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into 4 groups: (i) LF diet, (ii) Ath+HF diet, (iii) Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.01% peretinoin, or (iv) with 0.03% peretinoin. B . Azan staining of mouse livers fed the LF, Ath+HF, or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.03% peretinoin at 20 weeks (20w), 38w, and 68w. C . Immunohistochemical staining for α-SMA, collagen 1, F4/80, and oil red O in the liver of mice fed the LF, Ath+HF, or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.03% peretinoin at 38w and 68w.

Article Snippet: [ ] Peretinoin (generic name; code, NIK-333), developed by Kowa Company (Aichi, Japan), is an oral acyclic retinoid with a vitamin A-like structure that targets the retinoid nuclear receptor.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, suppresses steatohepatitis and tumorigenesis by activating autophagy in mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet

doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18116

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative content of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TCHO), and the relative expression of FASN, SCD1, PPARγ, CPT1, PDGFB, PDGFC, IL1β, IL6, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA in the liver of mice fed the LF, Ath+HF, or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.01% or 0.03% peretinoin at 20w, 38w, and 68w ( N = 6).

Article Snippet: [ ] Peretinoin (generic name; code, NIK-333), developed by Kowa Company (Aichi, Japan), is an oral acyclic retinoid with a vitamin A-like structure that targets the retinoid nuclear receptor.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, suppresses steatohepatitis and tumorigenesis by activating autophagy in mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet

doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18116

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Macroscopic findings and B . incidence of hepatic tumors (adenoma or HCC) in the liver of mice that were fed the LF, Ath+HF, or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.01% or 0.03% peretinoin at 68w. C . Hematoxylin and eosin staining of adenoma and HCC. D . Liver weights of mice fed the LF, Ath+HF, or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.01% or 0.03% peretinoin at 68w.

Article Snippet: [ ] Peretinoin (generic name; code, NIK-333), developed by Kowa Company (Aichi, Japan), is an oral acyclic retinoid with a vitamin A-like structure that targets the retinoid nuclear receptor.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, suppresses steatohepatitis and tumorigenesis by activating autophagy in mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet

doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18116

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Western blotting of LC3B-I and LC3B-II in the liver of mice that were fed the LF, Ath+HF, or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.03% peretinoin at 20w, 38w, and 68w. B . Densitometry semi-quantitation of the expression of LC3B-II by western blotting. C . Immunofluorescence staining of LC3B and LAMP2 in the liver of mice fed the Ath+HF or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.03% peretinoin at 68w. D . Electron microscopy findings in the liver of mice fed the Ath+HF or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.03% peretinoin at 68w. The arrowheads indicate an autophagosome.

Article Snippet: [ ] Peretinoin (generic name; code, NIK-333), developed by Kowa Company (Aichi, Japan), is an oral acyclic retinoid with a vitamin A-like structure that targets the retinoid nuclear receptor.

Techniques: Western Blot, Quantitation Assay, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Electron Microscopy

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, suppresses steatohepatitis and tumorigenesis by activating autophagy in mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet

doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18116

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . and C . Western blotting of Atg16L1, Atg5-12 complex, p62, Beclin-1, p-ULK1 STAT3, p-STAT3, NF-κB, and p-NF-κB in the liver of mice fed the LF, Ath+HF, or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.03% peretinoin at 68w. B . Relative expression of Atg16L1, Atg5, and Atg7 mRNA in the liver of mice fed the LF, Ath+HF, or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.03% peretinoin at 20w, 38w, and 68w.

Article Snippet: [ ] Peretinoin (generic name; code, NIK-333), developed by Kowa Company (Aichi, Japan), is an oral acyclic retinoid with a vitamin A-like structure that targets the retinoid nuclear receptor.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, suppresses steatohepatitis and tumorigenesis by activating autophagy in mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet

doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18116

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Increased expression of Atg16L1, Atg5-12 complex, and LC3B-II by peretinoin in MPH, determined by western blotting (left) and immunofluorescence staining (right). B . Relative expression of Atg16L1 and Atg5 mRNA in MPH treated with peretinoin. C . Immunofluorescence staining of LC3B and LAMP2 in MPH treated with peretinoin. D . Lipid droplets (LD) in MPH treated with palmitate in the presence or absence of peretinoin. E . Relative expression of Atg16L1 mRNA in MPH or HepG2 cells treated with palmitate (left). Western blotting for Atg16L1 and p-NF-κB in HepG2 cells treated with palmitate in the presence or absence of peretinoin (right). F . Knocking down Atg16L1 decreased the expression of the Atg5-12 complex and LC3B-II in HepG2 cells.

Article Snippet: [ ] Peretinoin (generic name; code, NIK-333), developed by Kowa Company (Aichi, Japan), is an oral acyclic retinoid with a vitamin A-like structure that targets the retinoid nuclear receptor.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, suppresses steatohepatitis and tumorigenesis by activating autophagy in mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet

doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18116

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . IL6 decreased the expression of Atg16L1, Atg5-12 complex, and LC3B-II in MPH. B . Knocking down Gp130 increased LC3B-II expression in HepG2 cells. C . Peretinoin restored the IL6-mediated suppression of LC3B-II (left) and inhibited the nuclear accumulation of p-STAT3 induced by IL6 in MPH. D . Overexpression of Atg16L1 and the suppression of palmitate increased p-NF-κB in HepG2 cells. E . Overexpression of Atg16L1 and the suppression of IL6 increased p-STAT3 in HepG2 cells. F . Western blotting of p-Gp130 using an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody following immunoprecipitation of Gp130 from HepG2 cells in which Atg16L1 was overexpressed (left). Ubiquitination of p-STAT3 using an anti-ubiquitin antibody (right).

Article Snippet: [ ] Peretinoin (generic name; code, NIK-333), developed by Kowa Company (Aichi, Japan), is an oral acyclic retinoid with a vitamin A-like structure that targets the retinoid nuclear receptor.

Techniques: Expressing, Over Expression, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation, Ubiquitin Proteomics

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Peretinoin, an acyclic retinoid, suppresses steatohepatitis and tumorigenesis by activating autophagy in mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet

doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18116

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Dose-dependent increase in CEBPα by peretinoin in HepG2 cells. B . Relative expression of CEBPα mRNA in the liver of mice fed the LF, Ath+HF, or Ath+HF diet supplemented with 0.03% peretinoin at 68w ( N = 6) (left). Relative expression of CEBPα and Atg16L1 mRNA in HepG2 cells treated with peretinoin (right). C . Construction of Atg16L1 promoter assay constructs. P1-2000: including -2000 to 372 bp relative to the transcription initiation site of Atg16L1 fused to a firefly luciferase gene. P1-1000, P1-500, and P1-300: reporter constructs of serial deletions of the putative promoter region. Mutations were introduced to the CEBPα binding motif. D . Overexpression of CEBPα and promoter activity of Atg16L1. E . Effect of peretinoin on a series of Atg16L1 promoter assay constructs (left). Effect of peretinoin on p1-500 and p1-500 (mut), in which the putative CEBPα binding site was mutated (right). F . ChIP assay. HepG2 cells were treated with peretinoin and chromatin DNA was precipitated using an anti-CEBPα antibody.

Article Snippet: [ ] Peretinoin (generic name; code, NIK-333), developed by Kowa Company (Aichi, Japan), is an oral acyclic retinoid with a vitamin A-like structure that targets the retinoid nuclear receptor.

Techniques: Expressing, Promoter Assay, Construct, Luciferase, Binding Assay, Over Expression, Activity Assay